Kubernetes

Up and running with Kubernetes authorization webhook

This sample demonstrates how to connect Kubernetes with Speedle via Kubernetes Authorization Webhook such that Kubernetes operations can be protected by Speedle authorization engine.


Kubernetes Authorization Webhook Sample

Build

git clone git@github.com:teramoby/speedle-plus.git

# make sure the speedle golang adsclient code is in your $GOPATH/src package.

cp -r samples/adsclient/go/src/speedle/ $GOPATH/src

# get additional required packages:

$go get k8s.io/api/authorization/v1beta1
$go get k8s.io/client-go/kubernetes
$go get k8s.io/client-go/tools/clientcmd

# build
cd samples/integration/kubernetes-integration
go build webhook.go
#Executable webhook could be found in same folder

Create Certificates

Generate self-signed certificates used by webhook by refering to this document BTW, let’s assume we store the generated certificates and other needed files to path /path/to/webhook/, we will use this path in below sections.

Start Webhook

sudo ./webhook -key /path/to/webhook/server.key \
-cert /path/to/server.crt \
-client-cert /etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt \
-cluster-name kubernates \
-speedle-host <speedle host ip> \
-kubeconfig ~/.kube/config

Default listen port is 8843, can use ./webhook -h to see the usage.

Enable webhook

1. Mount the localhost folder /path/to/webhook/ to kube-apiserver pod

Since this is just a sample, so we use hostpath to mount the /path/to/webhook(which contains all the certificates and other needed files) into kube-apiserver pod (mountPath is /etc/webhook). Modify /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml, add below -hostPath and -mountPath section:

  volumeMounts:
    ...
    - mountPath: /etc/webhook
      name: webhook
      readOnly: true

  volumes:
  ...
  - hostPath:
      path: /path/to/webhook
      type: DirectoryOrCreate
    name: webhook

2. Modify the cert file path and server URL in webhook.yaml

All the path used in webhook.yaml should be the mountPath in kube-apiserver pod (/etc/webhook).

# clusters refers to the remote service.
clusters:
    - name: name-of-remote-authz-service
      cluster:
          # CA for verifying the remote service.
          certificate-authority: /etc/webhook/ca.crt
          # URL of remote service to query. Must use 'https'. May not include parameters.
          server: https://<webhook host ip>:8443/

# users refers to the API Server's webhook configuration.
users:
    - name: name-of-api-server
      user:
          client-certificate: /etc/webhook/server.crt # cert for the webhook plugin to use
          client-key: /etc/webhook/server.key # key matching the cert

3. Enable webhook in kube-apiserver.yaml

Enable three authorization modes, Node, RBAC, and Webhook (invoking Speedle underneath), and update webhook.yaml, user.csv path like below in /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml

- --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC,Webhook
- --authorization-webhook-config-file=/etc/webhook/webhook.yaml
- --authorization-webhook-cache-authorized-ttl=110ms
- --authorization-webhook-cache-unauthorized-ttl=110ms
- --basic-auth-file=/etc/webhook/user.csv

Testing

  • Check if user joe has permission to read pod etcd-slc00bqb in namespace kube-system

    1.Check if user joe has permission to read pod etcd-slc00bqb in namespace kube-system, this pod has a label defined component=etcd.

curl -k -v -u joe:joe https://10.96.0.1:443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/etcd-slc00bqb

{
  "kind": "Status",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {

  },
  "status": "Failure",
  "message": "pods \"etcd-slc00bqb\" is forbidden: User \"joe\" cannot get pods in the namespace \"kube-system\"",
  "reason": "Forbidden",
  "details": {
    "name": "etcd-slc00bqb",
    "kind": "pods"
  },
  "code": 403
* Connection #0 to host 10.96.0.1 left intact
}

Currently no policy defined for user joe, so code 403 is expected.

2.Now grant joe the permission in speedle service

$./spctl create service kubernetes
service created
{"name":"kubernetes","type":"application","metadata":{"createby":"","createtime":"2018-11-28T21:13:17-08:00"}}

$./spctl create policy joe-pod --service-name=kubernetes -c "grant user joe get expr:/pods/.* if labels_component == \"etcd\""
policy created
{"id":"3ttrj5xtj2k4teyz4ja4","name":"joe-pod","effect":"grant","permissions":[{"resourceExpression":"/pods/.*","actions":["get"]}],"principals":[["user:joe"]],"condition":"labels_component == \"etcd\"","metadata":{"createby":"","createtime":"2018-11-29T18:40:49-08:00"}}

Above commands create a service named kubernetes, created a policy, user joe has permission to get all pods if pod has a label component=etcd.

3.Check again, expected result is allowed

$curl -k -v -u joe:joe https://10.96.0.1:443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/etcd-slc00bqb
{
  "kind": "Pod",
  "apiVersion": "v1",
  "metadata": {
    "name": "etcd-slc00bqb",
    "namespace": "kube-system",
    "selfLink": "/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/pods/etcd-slc00bqb",
    "uid": "1aba7673-e879-11e8-9c67-00163e7a4530",
    "resourceVersion": "533818",
    "creationTimestamp": "2018-11-15T01:52:27Z",
    "labels": {
      "component": "etcd",
      "tier": "control-plane"
    },
    "annotations": ....
}

you can also try other pod which doesn’t have label component=etcd. you will get code 403

  • Check if user joe has permission to read pods belonging to a deployment kube-dns

There only show how to define a policy, allows user joe has permission to read all pods owned by a deployment “kube-dns”.

$./spctl create policy joe_policy -c "grant user joe get,watch expr:/pods/.* if owner_Deployment == \"kube-dns\"" --service-name=kubernetes